言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Chol | ctu | |||||||||||
| Mbonga | xmb | |||||||||||
| Egyptian | エジプト語 | egy | egy | egy | Individual | Ancient | ||||||
| Shendu | shl | |||||||||||
| South West Bay | sns | |||||||||||
| Nkukoli | nbo | |||||||||||
| Nkhumbi | khu | |||||||||||
| Duguri | dbm | |||||||||||
| Dubu | dmu | |||||||||||
| Pochutec | xpo | |||||||||||
| Yaqui | yaq | |||||||||||
| Inuktitut | ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ | イヌクティトゥット語 | Eskimo–Aleut | iu | iku | iku | iku | Macrolanguage | Living | |||
| Sulod | srg | |||||||||||
| Neko | nej | |||||||||||
| Kosarek Yale | kkl | |||||||||||
| Kafoa | kpu | |||||||||||
| Dhurga | dhu | |||||||||||
| Ditidaht | dtd | |||||||||||
| Thawa | xtv | |||||||||||
| Yimchungru Naga | yim | |||||||||||
| Madurese | Madhura | マドゥラ語 | mad | mad | mad | Individual | Living | |||||
| Suku | sub | |||||||||||
| Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl | nhy | |||||||||||
| Khorasani Turkish | kmz | |||||||||||
| Kasiguranin | ksn | |||||||||||
| Ecuadorian Sign Language | ecs | |||||||||||
| Yoba | yob | |||||||||||
| Otomian languages | オトミ語族 | oto | oto | oto | Collective | |||||||
| Kagate | syw | |||||||||||
| Nkari | nkz | |||||||||||
| Nsenga | nse | |||||||||||
| Kabalai | kvf | |||||||||||
| Ogea | eri | |||||||||||
| Yuracare | yuz | |||||||||||
| Standard Moroccan Tamazight | ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ | zgh | zgh | zgh | Individual | Living | ||||||
| Datooga | tcc | |||||||||||
| Ghotuo | aaa | |||||||||||
| Southern Nuni | nnw | |||||||||||
| Nyabwa | nwb | |||||||||||
| Likuba | kxx | |||||||||||
| Fipa | fip | |||||||||||
| Zhire | zhi | |||||||||||
| Kaluli | bco | |||||||||||
| Tofin Gbe | tfi | |||||||||||
| Northwestern Tamang | tmk | |||||||||||
| Acheron | acz | |||||||||||
| Ocaina | oca | |||||||||||
| Qabiao | laq | |||||||||||
| Gal | gap | |||||||||||
| Guya | gka | |||||||||||
| Tabasco Zoque | zoq | |||||||||||
| Busang Kayan | bfg | |||||||||||
| Tiruray | tiy | |||||||||||
| Tlacoapa Me'phaa | tpl | |||||||||||
| Aguaruna | agr | |||||||||||
| Old Manipuri | omp | |||||||||||
| Nomaande | lem | |||||||||||
| Gade | ged | |||||||||||
| Yeretuar | gop | |||||||||||
| Zuojiang Zhuang | zzj | |||||||||||
| Bhalay | bhx | |||||||||||
| Taiwan Sign Language | tss | |||||||||||
| Siwu | akp | |||||||||||
| Otoro | otr | |||||||||||
| Lampung Api | ljp | |||||||||||
| Laos Sign Language | lso | |||||||||||
| Gun | guw |