言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Anindilyakwa | aoi | |||||||||||
| Sileibi | sbq | |||||||||||
| Merlav | mrm | |||||||||||
| Hmong Daw | mww | |||||||||||
| Numèè | kdk | |||||||||||
| Chrau | crw | |||||||||||
| Jaitmatang | xjt | |||||||||||
| Abishira | ash | |||||||||||
| Serui-Laut | seu | |||||||||||
| Sila | slt | |||||||||||
| Macanese | mzs | |||||||||||
| Koromfé | kfz | |||||||||||
| Woods Cree | cwd | |||||||||||
| Dixon Reef | dix | |||||||||||
| Kanakanabu | xnb | |||||||||||
| Alviri-Vidari | avd | |||||||||||
| Sikkimese | sip | |||||||||||
| Swo | sox | |||||||||||
| Northern Katang | ncq | |||||||||||
| Northeast Kiwai | kiw | |||||||||||
| Bamileke languages | Bamiléké | バミレケ諸語 | bai | bai | bai | Collective | ||||||
| Dewoin | dee | |||||||||||
| Dong | doh | |||||||||||
| Karawa | xrw | |||||||||||
| Yucuna | ycn | |||||||||||
| Sunam | ssk | |||||||||||
| Ngizim | ngi | |||||||||||
| Kono (Nigeria) | klk | |||||||||||
| Klias River Kadazan | kqt | |||||||||||
| Dogri | डोगरी, ڈوگرى | ドーグリー語 | doi | doi | doi | Macrolanguage | Living | |||||
| Dusun Malang | duq | |||||||||||
| Kwegu | xwg | |||||||||||
| Yele | yle | |||||||||||
| Swahili (individual language) | swh | |||||||||||
| Nocte Naga | njb | |||||||||||
| Kalamsé | knz | |||||||||||
| Kurti | ktm | |||||||||||
| Ido | イド語 | Constructed | io | ido | ido | ido | Individual | Constructed | ||||
| Nding | eli | |||||||||||
| Yerong | yrn | |||||||||||
| Tal | tal | |||||||||||
| Monsang Naga | nmh | |||||||||||
| Ikoma-Nata-Isenye | ntk | |||||||||||
| Kwara'ae | kwf | |||||||||||
| Luba-Katanga | Kiluba | ルバ・カタンガ語 | Niger–Congo | lu | lub | lub | lub | Individual | Living | |||
| Edolo | etr | |||||||||||
| Ocotlán Zapotec | zac | |||||||||||
| Baatonum | bba | |||||||||||
| Tiranige Diga Dogon | tde | |||||||||||
| Phom Naga | nph | |||||||||||
| Nyengo | nye | |||||||||||
| Kudmali | kyw | |||||||||||
| Nyoro | Runyoro | ニョロ語 | nyo | nyo | nyo | Individual | Living | |||||
| Cajun French | frc | |||||||||||
| Liujiang Zhuang | zlj | |||||||||||
| Morom | bdo | |||||||||||
| Togoyo | tgy | |||||||||||
| Toromono | tno | |||||||||||
| Severn Ojibwa | ojs | |||||||||||
| Lavatbura-Lamusong | lbv | |||||||||||
| Sogdian | ソグド語 | sog | sog | sog | Individual | Ancient | ||||||
| Gbesi Gbe | gbs | |||||||||||
| Mirning | gmr | |||||||||||
| Zaniza Zapotec | zpw | |||||||||||
| Bugun | bgg | |||||||||||
| Takestani | tks | |||||||||||
| Tirahi | tra |