言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Kipsigis | sgc | |||||||||||
| Samei | smh | |||||||||||
| Naka'ela | nae | |||||||||||
| Karingani | kgn | |||||||||||
| Zotung Chin | czt | |||||||||||
| Eastern Maroon Creole | djk | |||||||||||
| Nukunul | xnu | |||||||||||
| Ke'o | xxk | |||||||||||
| Sajau Basap | sjb | |||||||||||
| Akukem | spm | |||||||||||
| Nadruvian | ndf | |||||||||||
| Zabana | kji | |||||||||||
| Domung | dev | |||||||||||
| Doyayo | dow | |||||||||||
| Sanga (Nigeria) | xsn | |||||||||||
| Yevanic | yej | |||||||||||
| Shark Bay | ssv | |||||||||||
| Kriang | ngt | |||||||||||
| Maskelynes | klv | |||||||||||
| Koro (Vanuatu) | krf | |||||||||||
| Min Bei Chinese | mnp | 11,000,000 | ||||||||||
| Dawik Kui | dwk | |||||||||||
| Southern Muji | ymc | |||||||||||
| Seluwasan | sws | |||||||||||
| Waimaha | bao | |||||||||||
| Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin | njt | |||||||||||
| Waube | kop | |||||||||||
| Kango (Bas-Uélé District) | kty | |||||||||||
| Mamulique | emm | |||||||||||
| Southern Lolopo | ysp | |||||||||||
| Atayal | tay | |||||||||||
| Baka (South Sudan) | bdh | |||||||||||
| Letemboi | nms | |||||||||||
| Nukuini | nuc | |||||||||||
| Kwer | kwr | |||||||||||
| Bikol | ビコール語 | bik | bik | bik | Macrolanguage | Living | ||||||
| Keiyo | eyo | |||||||||||
| Ozolotepec Zapotec | zao | |||||||||||
| Tita | tdq | |||||||||||
| Yecuatla Totonac | tlc | |||||||||||
| Mahasu Pahari | bfz | |||||||||||
| Ngendelengo | nql | |||||||||||
| Nyungar | nys | |||||||||||
| Kelabit | kzi | |||||||||||
| Middle English | 中英語 | enm | enm | enm | Individual | Historical | ||||||
| East Futuna | fud | |||||||||||
| Makolkol | zmh | |||||||||||
| Thompson | thp | |||||||||||
| Ten'edn | tnz | |||||||||||
| Biete | biu | |||||||||||
| Kwamtim One | okk | |||||||||||
| Tungag | lcm | |||||||||||
| Irish | Gaeilge | アイルランド語 | Indo-European | ga | gle | gle | gle | Individual | Living | |||
| Grenadian Creole English | gcl | |||||||||||
| Ngangam | gng | |||||||||||
| Sarasira | zsa | |||||||||||
| Tregami | trm | |||||||||||
| Biloxi | bll | |||||||||||
| Oring | org | |||||||||||
| Lo-Toga | lht | |||||||||||
| Malay | Bahasa Melayu | マレー語 | Austronesian | ms | may | msa | msa | Macrolanguage | Living | 16,100,000 | ||
| Kuke | ght | |||||||||||
| Gusilay | gsl | |||||||||||
| Omotic languages | omv | |||||||||||
| Washo | wá:šiw ʔítlu | ワショ語 | was | was | was | Individual | Living | |||||
| Tuxá | tud | |||||||||||
| Aweer | bob |