言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Burate | bti | |||||||||||
| Basay | byq | |||||||||||
| Veps | vep | |||||||||||
| Wangkangurru | wgg | |||||||||||
| Qashqa'i | qxq | |||||||||||
| Mandeali | mjl | |||||||||||
| Indic languages | インド語派 | inc | inc | inc | Collective | |||||||
| Thiin | iin | |||||||||||
| Jambi Malay | jax | |||||||||||
| Tsucuba | cbq | |||||||||||
| Wab | wab | |||||||||||
| Mwani | wmw | |||||||||||
| Riung | riu | |||||||||||
| Maonan | mmd | |||||||||||
| Lunda | Chilunda | ルンダ語 | lun | lun | lun | Individual | Living | |||||
| Isabi | isa | |||||||||||
| Jumli | jml | |||||||||||
| Cinta Larga | cin | |||||||||||
| Watakataui | wtk | |||||||||||
| Yurats | rts | |||||||||||
| Mangarrayi | mpc | |||||||||||
| Media Lengua | mue | |||||||||||
| Ojibwa | オジブウェー語 | Algonquian | oj | oji | oji | oji | Macrolanguage | Living | ||||
| Kalarko | kba | |||||||||||
| Lalana Chinantec | cnl | |||||||||||
| Camunic | xcc | |||||||||||
| Sabine | sbv | |||||||||||
| Maria (India) | mrr | |||||||||||
| Modang | mxd | |||||||||||
| Southern Sotho | Sesotho [southern] | ソト語 | Niger–Congo | st | sot | sot | sot | Individual | Living | |||
| Koch | kdq | |||||||||||
| Catalan Sign Language | csc | |||||||||||
| Kereho | xke | |||||||||||
| Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone | sfb | |||||||||||
| Ma'ya | slz | |||||||||||
| Mawayana | mzx | |||||||||||
| Kusunda | kgg | |||||||||||
| Cayubaba | cyb | |||||||||||
| Dar Daju Daju | djc | |||||||||||
| Ngumbarl | xnm | |||||||||||
| Sumariup | siv | |||||||||||
| Saep | spd | |||||||||||
| Central Puebla Nahuatl | ncx | |||||||||||
| Q'anjob'al | kjb | |||||||||||
| Dek | dek | |||||||||||
| Lukpa | dop | |||||||||||
| Sempan | xse | |||||||||||
| Yidgha | ydg | |||||||||||
| Spanish Sign Language | ssp | |||||||||||
| Ngwo | ngn | |||||||||||
| Kamasa | klp | |||||||||||
| Koorete | kqy | |||||||||||
| Dusun Witu | duw | |||||||||||
| Kwerba Mamberamo | xwr | |||||||||||
| Langnian Buyang | yln | |||||||||||
| Samosa | swm | |||||||||||
| Njalgulgule | njl | |||||||||||
| Kubi | kof | |||||||||||
| South Muyu | kts | |||||||||||
| Emai-Iuleha-Ora | ema | |||||||||||
| Yassic | ysc | |||||||||||
| Abau | aau | |||||||||||
| Central Tarahumara | tar | |||||||||||
| Manangba | nmm | |||||||||||
| Natügu | ntu | |||||||||||
| Kwakiutl | kwk | |||||||||||
| Semimi | etz |