言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Cappadocian Greek | cpg | |||||||||||
| Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh | sdo | |||||||||||
| Anserma | ans | |||||||||||
| North Asmat | nks | |||||||||||
| Logorik | liu | |||||||||||
| Idon | idc | |||||||||||
| Malgana | vml | |||||||||||
| Northern Catanduanes Bikol | cts | |||||||||||
| Shatt | shj | |||||||||||
| Arapaso | arj | |||||||||||
| Wancho Naga | nnp | |||||||||||
| Lamatuka | lmq | |||||||||||
| Milyan | imy | |||||||||||
| Woi | wbw | |||||||||||
| Ida'an | dbj | |||||||||||
| Seko Tengah | sko | |||||||||||
| Heyo | auk | |||||||||||
| Sangtam Naga | nsa | |||||||||||
| Lasgerdi | lsa | |||||||||||
| Sepik Iwam | iws | |||||||||||
| Kunbarlang | wlg | |||||||||||
| Dhargari | dhr | |||||||||||
| South West Bay | sns | |||||||||||
| Central Aymara | ayr | |||||||||||
| Nasarian | nvh | |||||||||||
| Yutanduchi Mixtec | mab | |||||||||||
| Jingulu | jig | |||||||||||
| Wariyangga | wri | |||||||||||
| Dubu | dmu | |||||||||||
| Sulod | srg | |||||||||||
| Bunuba | bck | |||||||||||
| Obo Manobo | obo | |||||||||||
| Polish | Język polski | ポーランド語 | Indo-European | pl | pol | pol | pol | Individual | Living | 39,700,000 | ||
| Morigi | mdb | |||||||||||
| Jurúna | jur | |||||||||||
| Xamtanga | xan | |||||||||||
| Ditidaht | dtd | |||||||||||
| Suku | sub | |||||||||||
| Panyi Bai | bfc | |||||||||||
| Omok | omk | |||||||||||
| Austronesian languages | オーストロネシア語族 | map | map | map | Collective | |||||||
| Mokerang | mft | |||||||||||
| Kinalakna | kco | |||||||||||
| Dharumbal | xgm | |||||||||||
| Ecuadorian Sign Language | ecs | |||||||||||
| Kagate | syw | |||||||||||
| Bhattiyali | bht | |||||||||||
| Tilapa Otomi | otl | |||||||||||
| Creoles and pidgins, Portuguese-based | ポルトガル語をベースとしたクレオール言語、ピジン言語 | cpp | cpp | cpp | Collective | |||||||
| Mikasuki | mik | |||||||||||
| Kota (India) | kfe | |||||||||||
| Mingrelian | xmf | |||||||||||
| Ogea | eri | |||||||||||
| Datooga | tcc | |||||||||||
| Kwa' | bko | |||||||||||
| Paliyan | pcf | |||||||||||
| Hebrew | עברית | ヘブライ語 | Afro-Asiatic | he | heb | heb | heb | Individual | Living | |||
| Manambu | mle | |||||||||||
| Kele (Democratic Republic of Congo) | khy | |||||||||||
| Pisidian | xps | |||||||||||
| Fipa | fip | |||||||||||
| Tofin Gbe | tfi | |||||||||||
| Banda (Indonesia) | bnd | |||||||||||
| Yine | pib | |||||||||||
| Latin | Lingua latīna | ラテン語 | Indo-European | la | lat | lat | lat | Individual | Ancient | |||
| Moni | mnz | |||||||||||
| Gugubera | kkp |