言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Dadiya | dbd | |||||||||||
| Upper Kinabatangan | dmg | |||||||||||
| North Midlands Tasmanian | xph | |||||||||||
| Yazgulyam | yah | |||||||||||
| Soqotri | sqt | |||||||||||
| Nedebang | nec | |||||||||||
| Kakabe | kke | |||||||||||
| Dhimal | dhi | |||||||||||
| Disa | dsi | |||||||||||
| Tokharian A | xto | |||||||||||
| Yinggarda | yia | |||||||||||
| Shumashti | sts | |||||||||||
| Huaxcaleca Nahuatl | nhq | |||||||||||
| Kamasau | kms | |||||||||||
| Kusaghe | ksg | |||||||||||
| Beginci | ebc | |||||||||||
| Naukan Yupik | ynk | |||||||||||
| Central Subanen | syb | |||||||||||
| Nukuoro | nkr | |||||||||||
| Narua | nru | |||||||||||
| Kuuku-Ya'u | kuy | |||||||||||
| Enwan (Akwa Ibom State) | enw | |||||||||||
| Yukpa | yup | |||||||||||
| Tobo | tbv | |||||||||||
| Ngete | nnn | |||||||||||
| Mehek | nux | |||||||||||
| Wadiyara Koli | kxp | |||||||||||
| Quebec Sign Language | fcs | |||||||||||
| Kinga | zga | |||||||||||
| Bariai | bch | |||||||||||
| Tengger | tes | |||||||||||
| Tumak | tmc | |||||||||||
| Southern Bontok | obk | |||||||||||
| Langi | lag | |||||||||||
| Alekano | gah | |||||||||||
| Mang | zng | |||||||||||
| Bena (Tanzania) | bez | |||||||||||
| Trimuris | tip | |||||||||||
| Taupota | tpa | |||||||||||
| Mochica | omc | |||||||||||
| Lyélé | lee | |||||||||||
| Ghandruk Sign Language | gds | |||||||||||
| Gogo | gog | |||||||||||
| Zumaya | zuy | |||||||||||
| Tukang Besi South | bhq | |||||||||||
| Tshangla | tsj | |||||||||||
| Mezquital Otomi | ote | |||||||||||
| Liabuku | lix | |||||||||||
| Lishana Deni | lsd | |||||||||||
| Arbëreshë Albanian | aae | |||||||||||
| Kachi Koli | gjk | |||||||||||
| Guayabero | guo | |||||||||||
| Magahi | मगही | マガヒー語 | mag | mag | mag | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | ||||
| Berik | bkl | |||||||||||
| Tela-Masbuar | tvm | |||||||||||
| Bouyei | pcc | |||||||||||
| Lomaiviti | lmv | |||||||||||
| Bo-Rukul | mae | |||||||||||
| Dhofari Arabic | adf | |||||||||||
| Halang | hal | |||||||||||
| Afrihili | El-Afrihili | アフリヒリ | afh | afh | afh | Individual | Constructed | |||||
| Bonerate | bna | |||||||||||
| Central Atlas Tamazight | tzm | |||||||||||
| Pahlavani | phv | |||||||||||
| Pipil | ppl | |||||||||||
| Male (Papua New Guinea) | mdc | |||||||||||
| Remontado Dumagat | agv |