言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Cowlitz | cow | |||||||||||
| Xerénte | xer | |||||||||||
| Savi | sdg | |||||||||||
| Seke (Vanuatu) | ske | |||||||||||
| Bambassi | myf | |||||||||||
| Kugbo | kes | |||||||||||
| Thaiphum Chin | cth | |||||||||||
| Liburnian | xli | |||||||||||
| Sonde | shc | |||||||||||
| Riverain Sango | snj | |||||||||||
| Konyak Naga | nbe | |||||||||||
| Halh Mongolian | khk | |||||||||||
| Deno | dbb | |||||||||||
| Dugwor | dme | |||||||||||
| Phrygian | xpg | |||||||||||
| Yámana | yag | |||||||||||
| Sri Lankan Sign Language | sqs | |||||||||||
| Toura (Côte d'Ivoire) | neb | |||||||||||
| Kinuku | kkd | |||||||||||
| Dhangu-Djangu | dhg | |||||||||||
| Daasanach | dsh | |||||||||||
| Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec | xtn | |||||||||||
| Yan-nhaŋu Sign Language | yhs | |||||||||||
| Straits Salish | str | |||||||||||
| Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl | nhp | |||||||||||
| Kwama | kmq | |||||||||||
| Bafia | ksf | |||||||||||
| Karenggapa | eaa | |||||||||||
| Yango | yng | |||||||||||
| Siang | sya | |||||||||||
| Nkami | nkq | |||||||||||
| Northern Kalapuya | nrt | |||||||||||
| Kukatja | kux | |||||||||||
| Enwan (Edu State) | env | |||||||||||
| Bena (Nigeria) | yun | |||||||||||
| Tubar | tbu | |||||||||||
| Namia | nnm | |||||||||||
| Nguluwan | nuw | |||||||||||
| Algerian Arabic | arq | 29,400,000 | ||||||||||
| Kanoé | kxo | |||||||||||
| West Albay Bikol | fbl | |||||||||||
| Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang | zeh | |||||||||||
| Baga Pokur | bcg | |||||||||||
| Temein | teq | |||||||||||
| Katbol | tmb | |||||||||||
| Obispeño | obi | |||||||||||
| Arapaho | Hinónoʼeitíít | アラパホー語 | arp | arp | arp | Individual | Living | |||||
| Lafofa | laf | |||||||||||
| Gagauz | gag | |||||||||||
| Zande (individual language) | zne | |||||||||||
| Beli (Papua New Guinea) | bey | |||||||||||
| Teop | tio | |||||||||||
| To | toz | |||||||||||
| East Ambae | omb | |||||||||||
| Coptic | ϯⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲕⲏⲙⲉ | コプト語 | cop | cop | cop | Individual | Extinct | |||||
| Lendu | led | |||||||||||
| Wolaitta | ウォライタ語 | wal | wal | wal | Individual | Living | ||||||
| Wipi | gdr | |||||||||||
| Gofa | gof | |||||||||||
| Kumzari | zum | |||||||||||
| Bima | bhp | |||||||||||
| Tsuvan | tsh | |||||||||||
| Ot Danum | otd | |||||||||||
| Grebo | グレボ語 | grb | grb | grb | Macrolanguage | Living | ||||||
| Col | liw | |||||||||||
| Lasgerdi | lsa | |||||||||||
| Abua | abn |