言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Middle English | 中英語 | enm | enm | enm | Individual | Historical | ||||||
| Ache | yif | |||||||||||
| Chaura | crv | |||||||||||
| Tidore | tvo | |||||||||||
| Ambonese Malay | abs | |||||||||||
| Ruching Palaung | pce | |||||||||||
| Laimbue | lmx | |||||||||||
| Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec | maj | |||||||||||
| Irish | Gaeilge | アイルランド語 | Indo-European | ga | gle | gle | gle | Individual | Living | |||
| Hangaza | han | |||||||||||
| Maindo | cwb | |||||||||||
| Tzotzil | tzo | |||||||||||
| Afghan Sign Language | afg | |||||||||||
| Pima Bajo | pia | |||||||||||
| Papapana | ppn | |||||||||||
| Maba (Chad) | mde | |||||||||||
| Malay | Bahasa Melayu | マレー語 | Austronesian | ms | may | msa | msa | Macrolanguage | Living | 16,100,000 | ||
| Northern Huishui Hmong | hmi | |||||||||||
| Dedua | ded | |||||||||||
| Umbugarla | umr | |||||||||||
| Aimaq | aiq | |||||||||||
| Northern Pumi | pmi | |||||||||||
| Punan Aput | pud | |||||||||||
| Mulaha | mfw | |||||||||||
| Pali | Pāli | パーリ語 | Indo-European | pi | pli | pli | pli | Individual | Ancient | |||
| Hitu | htu | |||||||||||
| Wadjigu | wdu | |||||||||||
| Varhadi-Nagpuri | vah | |||||||||||
| Amis | ami | |||||||||||
| Napo Lowland Quechua | qvo | |||||||||||
| Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec | mio | |||||||||||
| Sundanese | ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ / Basa Sunda | スンダ語 | Austronesian | su | sun | sun | sun | Individual | Living | |||
| Batad Ifugao | ifb | |||||||||||
| Izere | izr | |||||||||||
| Wailapa | wlr | |||||||||||
| Tamazola Mixtec | vmx | |||||||||||
| Ampanang | apg | |||||||||||
| Reshe | res | |||||||||||
| Malimpung | mli | |||||||||||
| Indian Sign Language | ins | |||||||||||
| Jita | jit | |||||||||||
| Wardaman | wrr | |||||||||||
| Yaosakor Asmat | asy | |||||||||||
| Batuley | bay | |||||||||||
| Rombo | rof | |||||||||||
| Mobilian | mod | |||||||||||
| Mbe' | mtk | |||||||||||
| Caribbean Javanese | jvn | |||||||||||
| Kauwera | xau | |||||||||||
| Aekyom | awi | |||||||||||
| Baldemu | bdn | |||||||||||
| Kele (Papua New Guinea) | sbc | |||||||||||
| Mamuju | mqx | |||||||||||
| Murrinh-Patha | mwf | |||||||||||
| Kete | kcv | |||||||||||
| Khetrani | xhe | |||||||||||
| Bangandu | bgf | |||||||||||
| Seneca | see | |||||||||||
| Sissala | sld | |||||||||||
| Malimba | mzd | |||||||||||
| Kung | kfl | |||||||||||
| Manichaean Middle Persian | xmn | |||||||||||
| Digo | dig | |||||||||||
| Budza | bja | |||||||||||
| She | shx | |||||||||||
| Songomeno | soe | |||||||||||
| Central Nicobarese | ncb |